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19 July 2025

Grammar: Comparing Past Tense, Present Perfect, and Present Perfect Continuous

 

 

 

SITUATION ONLY

ACTION ONLY

Finished and not connected to the present (past only)

PAST TENSE

I was an engineer at X company 5 years ago.

PAST TENSE

I worked as an engineer 5 years ago.

Already finished and connected to the present (past + present)

PRESENT PERFECT

has/have + been

I have already been an employee of X company, so I can help you. I know their processes. [Experience]

PRESENT PERFECT

has/have + past participle

I have worked as an engineer before, so I can help you.

Not yet finished and connected to the present (past + present)

PRESENT PERFECT

has/have + not/never + been

I have never been an employee of X company, so I can’t help you. I am not familiar with their processes. [Experience]

PRESENT PERFECT

has/have + not/never + past participle

I have never worked as an engineer, so I don’t have any idea how to do this.

Started in the past and continues to the present (past + present)

 

PRESENT PERFECT

has/have + been

I have been an engineer since 2000.

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

has/have + been + ing

I have been working at X company as an engineer since 2000.

Started in the past and recently finished, and connected to the present (past + present)

 

not used

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

has/have + been + ing

I am so tired because I have been working on this design for 5 hours, and my engineering team and I just finished 5 minutes ago. My head hurts.

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